Waa maxay "shaandhada hawada"?
Shaandhada hawada waa qalab qabta walxaha qashinka ah iyada oo loo marayo ficilka walxaha shaandhada daloola oo nadiifiya hawada. Ka dib nadiifinta hawada, waxaa loo diraa gudaha si loo hubiyo shuruudaha habka ee qolalka nadiifka ah iyo nadiifinta hawada ee qolalka guud ee qaboojiyaha leh. Hababka shaandhaynta ee hadda la aqoonsan yahay waxay inta badan ka kooban yihiin shan saameyn: saameynta dhexgalka, saameynta aan la saadaalin karin, saameynta faafinta, saameynta cufnaanta, iyo saameynta korantada.
Sida waafaqsan shuruudaha codsiga ee warshadaha kala duwan, miirayaasha hawada waxaa loo qaybin karaa shaandhada koowaad, shaandhada dhexdhexaadka ah, shaandhada hepa iyo shaandhada ultra-hepa.
Sidee si macquul ah loogu dooran karaa shaandhada hawada?
01. Si macquul ah u go'aami waxtarka shaandheeyayaasha dhammaan heerarka iyadoo lagu saleynayo xaaladaha codsiga.
Shaandheeyayaasha aasaasiga ah iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah: Waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa nidaamyada nadiifinta guud ee hawo-mareenka iyo qaboojinta hawada. Shaqadooda ugu weyn waa inay ka ilaaliyaan shaandheeyayaasha hoose iyo saxanka kululaynta dusha sare ee qaybta qaboojiyaha inay xirmaan oo ay kordhiyaan cimrigooda adeegga.
Shaandhada Hepa/ultra-hepa: ku habboon xaaladaha codsiga ee leh shuruudaha nadaafadda sare, sida meelaha sahayda hawada ee terminal-ka ee qaboojiyaha hawada ee aqoon-is-weydaarsiga nadiifka ah ee aan boodhka lahayn ee isbitaalka, wax-soo-saarka indhaha elektaroonigga ah, wax-soo-saarka qalabka saxda ah iyo warshadaha kale.
Caadiyan, shaandhada terminal-ka ayaa go'aamisa sida hawadu u nadiifsan tahay. Shaandheeyayaasha sare ee dhammaan heerarka waxay ciyaaraan door ilaalin ah si ay u kordhiyaan cimrigooda adeegga.
Waxtarka shaandheeyayaasha marxalad kasta waa in si habboon loo habeeyaa. Haddii qeexitaannada waxtarka ee laba marxaladood oo isku xiga ee shaandheeyayaasha ay aad u kala duwan yihiin, marxaladdii hore ma awoodi doonto inay ilaaliso marxaladda xigta; haddii farqiga u dhexeeya labada marxaladood uusan aad uga duwanayn, marxaladda dambe ayaa culays la saari doonaa.
Qaabeynta macquulka ah ayaa ah marka la isticmaalayo kala-soocidda qeexidda hufnaanta "GMFEHU", deji shaandhada heerka koowaad 2 - 4 tallaabo kasta.
Kahor shaandhada hepa ee dhammaadka qolka nadiifka ah, waa inay jirtaa shaandho leh qeexitaan hufnaan oo aan ka yarayn F8 si loo ilaaliyo.
Waxqabadka shaandhada kama dambaysta ah waa inuu ahaadaa mid la isku halleyn karo, hufnaanta iyo habaynta shaandhada ka hor waa inay noqotaa mid macquul ah, dayactirka shaandhada koowaadna waa inay noqotaa mid ku habboon.
02. Fiiri xuduudaha ugu muhiimsan ee shaandhada
Mugga hawada ee la qiimeeyay: Shaandheeyayaasha leh qaab-dhismeed isku mid ah iyo walxaha shaandhada isku mid ah, marka la go'aamiyo iska caabbinta kama dambaysta ah, aagga shaandhada ayaa kordha 50%, cimriga adeegga shaandhadana waxaa la kordhin doonaa 70%-80%. Marka aagga shaandhada uu labanlaabmo, cimriga adeegga shaandhada wuxuu noqon doonaa qiyaastii saddex jibaar ka dheer kii asalka ahaa.
Iska caabinta bilowga ah iyo iska caabinta kama dambaysta ah ee shaandhada: Shaandhuhu wuxuu sameeyaa iska caabin socodka hawada, ururinta boorka ee shaandhadana way korodhaa marka la isticmaalo. Marka iska caabinta shaandhada ay korodho qiimo cayiman, shaandhada waa la burburiyaa.
Iska caabbinta shaandhada cusub waxaa loo yaqaan "iska caabbinta bilowga ah", qiimaha iska caabbinta ee u dhigma marka shaandhada la burburiyo waxaa loo yaqaan "iska caabbinta kama dambaysta ah". Qaar ka mid ah muunadaha shaandhada waxay leeyihiin xuduudo "iska caabbinta kama dambaysta ah", injineerada qaboojiyaha hawada ayaa sidoo kale beddeli kara badeecada iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladaha goobta. Qiimaha iska caabbinta kama dambaysta ah ee naqshaddii asalka ahayd. Inta badan, iska caabbinta kama dambaysta ah ee shaandhada loo isticmaalo goobta waa 2-4 jeer iska caabbinta bilowga ah.
Iska caabinta kama dambaysta ah ee lagu taliyay (Pa)
G3-G4 (shaandhada aasaasiga ah) 100-120
F5-F6 (shaandheeye dhexdhexaad ah) 250-300
F7-F8 (shaandhada dhexdhexaadka ah ee sare) 300-400
F9-E11 ( filter sub-hepa) 400-450
H13-U17 (shaandhada hepa, shaandhada aadka u-hepa) 400-600
Waxtarka sifeynta: "Waxtarka sifeynta" ee shaandhada hawada waxay tilmaamaysaa saamiga xaddiga boodhka uu qabtay shaandhadu iyo inta boodhka ah ee hawada asalka ah. Go'aaminta waxtarka sifeynta lama kala saari karo habka tijaabada. Haddii shaandhada isku midka ah lagu tijaabiyo habab tijaabo oo kala duwan, qiimaha waxtarka ee la helay wuu ka duwanaan doonaa. Sidaa darteed, iyada oo aan la helin hababka tijaabada, waxtarka sifeynta waa wax aan macquul aheyn in laga hadlo.
Awoodda haysashada boodhka: Awoodda haysashada boodhka ee shaandhada waxay tilmaamaysaa xaddiga ugu badan ee la oggol yahay ee ururinta boodhka ee shaandhada. Marka xaddiga ururinta boodhka uu ka bato qiimahan, iska caabbinta shaandhada ayaa kordhi doonta waxtarka shaandhadana wuu yaraan doonaa. Sidaa darteed, guud ahaan waxaa la qeexay in awoodda haysashada boodhka ee shaandhada ay tilmaamayso xaddiga boodhka ee la ururiyey marka iska caabbinta ka dhalata ururinta boodhka ay gaarto qiimo cayiman (guud ahaan labanlaab iska caabbinta bilowga ah) marka la eego mugga hawada qaarkood.
03. Daawo tijaabada shaandhada
Waxaa jira habab badan oo lagu tijaabiyo waxtarka shaandhaynta shaandhada: habka gravimetric, habka tirinta boodhka jawiga, habka tirinta, sawirka sawir-qaadaha, habka sawir-qaadista tirinta, iwm.
Habka Tirinta Sawirka (Habka MPPS) Cabbirka Qaybaha ugu Galmada Badan
Habka MPPS hadda waa habka ugu caansan ee lagu tijaabiyo shaandheeyayaasha hepa ee adduunka, waana habka ugu adag ee lagu tijaabiyo shaandheeyayaasha hepa.
Isticmaal miis si aad si joogto ah u sawirto oo aad u baarto dusha sare ee hawada oo dhan ee shaandhada. Miis-hayaha ayaa bixiya tirada iyo cabbirka walxaha boodhka ah ee meel kasta. Habkani ma cabbiri karo oo keliya waxtarka celceliska shaandhada, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu isbarbar dhigi karaa waxtarka maxalliga ah ee dhibic kasta.
Heerarka khuseeya: Heerarka Mareykanka: IES-RP-CC007.1-1992 Heerarka Yurub: EN 1882.1-1882.5-1998-2000.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebtembar-20-2023