1. Hordhac ku saabsan shaandhada hepa
Sida aan wada ognahay, warshadaha dawooyinka waxay leeyihiin shuruudo aad u sarreeya oo ku saabsan nadaafadda iyo badbaadada. Haddii ay jirto boodh warshadda ku jira, waxay sababi doontaa wasakh, waxyeello caafimaad iyo khataro qarax. Sidaa darteed, isticmaalka shaandheeyayaasha hepa waa lama huraan. Waa maxay heerarka isticmaalka shaandheeyayaasha hepa, waqtiga beddelka, xuduudaha beddelka iyo tilmaamaha? Sidee ayay tahay in aqoon-is-weydaarsiyada dawooyinka ee leh shuruudaha nadaafadda sare ay u doortaan shaandheeyayaasha hepa? Warshadaha dawooyinka, shaandheeyayaasha hepa waa shaandheeyayaasha terminalka ee loo isticmaalo daaweynta iyo shaandhaynta hawada meelaha wax soo saarka. Soo saarista Aseptic waxay u baahan tahay isticmaalka qasabka ah ee shaandheeyayaasha hepa, soo saarista qaababka qiyaasta adag iyo kuwa nus-adag ayaa mararka qaarkood la isticmaalaa. Qolka nadiifka ah ee daawada wuu ka duwan yahay qolalka kale ee nadiifka ah ee warshadaha. Farqiga ayaa ah marka si aseptic ah loo soo saaro diyaarinta iyo walxaha ceeriin, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in aan la xakameyn oo keliya walxaha la hakiyey ee hawada, laakiin sidoo kale in la xakameeyo tirada noolaha yaryar. Sidaa darteed, nidaamka qaboojiyaha hawada ee warshadda dawooyinka ayaa sidoo kale leh jeermis dile, jeermis dile, jeermis dile iyo habab kale oo lagu xakameeyo noolaha yaryar ee ku jira baaxadda xeerarka khuseeya. Shaandhada hawada waxay isticmaashaa agab shaandho daloolsan si ay u qabato boodhka ka soo baxaya hawada, u nadiifiso hawada, una nadiifiso hawada boodhka leh una dirto qolka si loo hubiyo nadaafadda hawada ee qolka. Goobaha lagu iibiyo dawooyinka ee leh baahiyo sare, shaandhada ... Hababka caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah shaandheeyayaasha yaryar ee hepa, shaandheeyayaasha hepa ee qoto dheer, shaandheeyayaasha hepa ee jel shaabadda, iwm., kuwaas oo gaara ujeeddada nadiifinta iyada oo loo marayo shaandhaynta hawada iyo socodka si loo sifeeyo walxaha boodhka ah ee hawada ku jira. Culayska shaandhada (lakabka) iyo farqiga cadaadiska kor iyo hoos ayaa sidoo kale muhiim ah. Haddii farqiga cadaadiska kor iyo hoos ee shaandhada uu kordho, baahida tamarta ee nidaamka hawada ee saadka iyo qiiqa ayaa kordhi doonta, si loo ilaaliyo tirada loo baahan yahay ee isbeddellada hawada. Farqiga cadaadiska ee u dhexeeya kor iyo hoos ee shaandheeyayaasha noocaas ah ayaa kordhin kara xadka waxqabadka ee nidaamka hawo-qaadashada.
2. Heerka beddelka
Hadday tahay shaandhada hepa ee lagu rakibay dhammaadka cutubka qaboojiyaha hawada ee nadiifinta ama shaandhada hepa ee lagu rakibay sanduuqa hepa, kuwani waa inay lahaadaan diiwaanno sax ah oo waqtiga hawlgalka ah iyo nadaafadda iyo mugga hawada oo ah aasaaska beddelka. Tusaale ahaan, marka la isticmaalo caadiga ah, cimriga adeegga ee shaandhada hepa wuxuu noqon karaa wax ka badan hal sano. Haddii ilaalinta hore ay wanaagsan tahay, cimriga adeegga ee shaandhada hepa wuxuu noqon karaa wax ka badan laba sano iyada oo aan wax dhibaato ah la kulmin. Dabcan, tani waxay sidoo kale ku xiran tahay tayada shaandhada hepa, ama xitaa ka dheer. shaandhada hepa ee lagu rakibay qalabka nadiifinta, sida shaandhada hepa ee qubeyska hawada, waxay yeelan kartaa cimri adeeg oo ka badan laba sano haddii shaandhada hore ee aasaasiga ah si fiican loo ilaaliyo; sida shaandhada hepa ee ku taal kursiga nadiifka ah, waxaan ku beddeli karnaa shaandhada hepa iyada oo loo marayo tilmaamaha cabbirka kala duwan ee cadaadiska ee ku yaal miiska shaqada ee nadiifinta. shaandhada hepa ee ku taal qolka nadiifka ah ayaa go'aamin kara waqtiga ugu fiican ee lagu beddeli karo shaandhada hawada iyada oo loo marayo xawaaraha hawada ee ogaanshaha shaandhada hawada hepa. Haddii ay tahay shaandhada hawada ee hepa ee ku jirta qaybta shaandhada taageeraha FFU, shaandhada hepa waxaa lagu beddelaa iyada oo loo marayo tilmaamaha nidaamka xakamaynta PLC ama tilmaamaha cabbirka kala duwanaanshaha cadaadiska. Shuruudaha beddelka ee shaandhada hepa ee warshadaha dawooyinka ee lagu qeexay qeexitaannada naqshadeynta warshadda nadiifka ah waa: xawaaraha socodka hawada waxaa loo dhimay xadka ugu yar, guud ahaan wax ka yar 0.35m/s; iska caabintu waxay gaartaa 2 jeer qiimaha iska caabinta bilowga ah, waxaana guud ahaan dejisa 1.5 jeer shirkadaha; haddii ay jirto daadasho aan la dayactiri karin, meelaha dayactirka waa inaysan dhaafin 3 dhibcood, wadarta guud ee dayactirkana waa inaysan dhaafin 3%, aagga dayactirkana hal dhibic ma noqon doonto mid ka weyn 2cm*2cm. Qaar ka mid ah rakibayaashayada shaandhada hawada ee khibradda leh ayaa soo koobay khibrad qiimo leh, halkan waxaan ku soo bandhigi doonnaa shaandhada hepa ee warshadaha dawooyinka, annagoo rajeynayna inaan kaa caawinno inaad fahamto waqtiga ugu fiican ee lagu beddelayo shaandhada hawada si sax ah. Marka cabbirka kala duwanaanshaha cadaadiska uu muujiyo in iska caabbinta shaandhada hawadu ay gaarto 2 ilaa 3 jeer iska caabbinta bilowga ah ee cutubka qaboojinta hawada, shaandhada hawada waa in la ilaaliyaa ama la beddelaa. Haddii aysan jirin cabbir cadaadis oo kala duwan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa qaabka fudud ee laba-qaybood leh si aad u go'aamiso in loo baahan yahay in la beddelo: fiiri midabka walxaha shaandhada ee dhinacyada dabaysha sare iyo hoose ee shaandhada hawada. Haddii midabka walxaha shaandhada ee dhinaca hawada ka baxa uu bilaabo inuu madow noqdo, waa inaad isu diyaarisaa inaad beddesho; taabo walxaha shaandhada ee dhinaca hawada ka baxa ee shaandhada hawada gacantaada. Haddii ay jirto boodh badan oo gacantaada ku yaal, waa inaad isu diyaarisaa inaad beddesho; diiwaangeli xaaladda beddelka shaandhada hawada marar badan oo soo koob wareegga beddelka ugu fiican; haddii farqiga cadaadiska ee u dhexeeya qolka nadiifka ah iyo qolka ku xiga uu si weyn hoos ugu dhaco ka hor inta uusan shaandhada hawada ee hepa gaarin iska caabinta ugu dambeysa, waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay in iska caabbinta shaandhada koowaad iyo tan labaad ay aad u weyn tahay, waana inaad isu diyaarisaa inaad beddesho; haddii nadaafadda qolka nadiifka ah aysan buuxin shuruudaha naqshadeynta, ama cadaadis taban uu dhaco, oo shaandheeyayaasha hawada ee waxtarka koowaad iyo tan labaad aysan gaarin waqtigii beddelka, waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay in iska caabbinta shaandhada hepa ay aad u weyn tahay, waana inaad isu diyaarisaa inaad beddesho.
3. Cimriga adeegga
Isticmaalka caadiga ah, shaandhada hepa ee warshadda dawooyinka ayaa la beddelaa hal mar 1 ilaa 2 sano kasta (iyadoo ku xiran tayada hawada ee gobollada kala duwan), xogtanina aad bay u kala duwan tahay. Xogta khibradda waxaa laga heli karaa oo keliya mashruuc gaar ah ka dib xaqiijinta hawlgalka qolka nadiifka ah, xogta khibradda ee ku habboon qolka nadiifka ahna waxaa la bixin karaa oo keliya qubeyska hawada ee qolka nadiifka ah. Arrimaha saameeya cimriga adeegga ee shaandhada hepa: (1). Arrimaha dibadda: Deegaanka dibadda. Haddii ay jirto waddo weyn ama waddo dhinaceeda ah oo ka baxsan qolka nadiifka ah, waxaa jira boodh badan, taas oo si toos ah u saameyn doonta isticmaalka shaandhada hepa cimrigoodana si weyn ayuu u yaraan doonaa. (Sidaa darteed, xulashada goobta aad ayey muhiim u tahay) (2). Dhammaadka hore iyo dhexe ee tuubada hawo-qaadista waxaa badanaa lagu qalabeeyaa shaandhooyin aasaasi ah iyo kuwo dhexdhexaad ah oo ku yaal dhinacyada hore iyo dhexe ee tuubada hawo-qaadista. Ujeeddadu waa in si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyo loona isticmaalo shaandhada hepa, la yareeyo tirada beddelka, iyo in la yareeyo kharashyada kharashka. Haddii shaandhada hore aan si habboon loo maamulin, cimriga adeegga ee shaandhada hepa sidoo kale waa la gaabin doonaa. Haddii shaandheeyayaasha aasaasiga ah iyo kuwa dhexe si toos ah looga saaro, cimriga adeegga ee shaandhada hepa aad ayuu u gaabin doonaa. Arrimaha gudaha: Sida aan wada ognahay, aagga shaandhaynta wax ku oolka ah ee shaandhada hepa, taas oo ah, awoodda ay u leedahay inay boodhka qabato, ayaa si toos ah u saameeya isticmaalka shaandhada hepa. Isticmaalkeedu wuxuu si liddi ku ah ugu dhigmaa aagga shaandhaynta wax ku oolka ah. Inta uu weyn yahay aagga wax ku oolka ah, ayuu yar yahay iska caabintiisa iyo cimriga adeegga oo sii dheeraanaya. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho aagga shaandhaynta wax ku oolka ah iyo iska caabinta marka la dooranayo shaandheeyayaasha hepa. Kala leexashada shaandhada hepa waa lama huraan. Haddii loo baahan yahay in la beddelo waxay ku xirnaan doontaa muunad iyo tijaabin goobta. Marka heerka beddelka la gaaro, waxay u baahan tahay in la hubiyo oo la beddelo. Sidaa darteed, qiimaha dhabta ah ee nolosha shaandhada si aan kala sooc lahayn looma ballaarin karo baaxadda codsiga. Haddii naqshadda nidaamku aysan macquul ahayn, daaweynta hawada cusub ma jirto, qorshaha xakamaynta boodhka qolka nadiifka ah ee qubeyska hawada uu yahay mid aan cilmiyeysnayn, cimriga adeegga ee shaandhada hepa ee warshadda dawooyinka hubaal wuu gaaban doonaa, qaarkoodna xitaa waa in la beddelaa wax ka yar hal sano. Tijaabooyinka la xiriira: (1). La socodka farqiga cadaadiska: Marka farqiga cadaadiska ka hor iyo ka dib shaandhada uu gaaro qiimaha la dejiyay, badanaa waxay tilmaamaysaa in loo baahan yahay in la beddelo; (2). Nolosha adeegga: Tixraac cimriga adeegga ee shaandhada la qiimeeyay, laakiin sidoo kale ku qiimee xaaladaha dhabta ah; (3). Isbeddelka nadaafadda: Haddii nadaafadda hawada ee warshadda ay si weyn hoos ugu dhacdo, waxaa laga yaabaa in waxqabadka shaandhada uu hoos u dhacay oo beddelka loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo; (4). Khibrad xukun: Samee go'aan dhammaystiran oo ku salaysan khibraddii hore ee isticmaalka iyo u kuurgelidda xaaladda shaandhada; (5). Hubi dhaawaca jireed ee dhexdhexaadka, dhibcaha midab-beddelka ama wasakhda, godadka gasket-ka iyo midab-beddelka ama daxalka qaab-dhismeedka iyo shaashadda; (6). Tijaabinta daacadnimada shaandhada, tijaabinta daadinta iyadoo la adeegsanayo miis bir ah, oo diiwaan geli natiijooyinka sida loogu baahdo.
Waqtiga boostada: Juun-23-2025